What does the term "hazardous material" encompass?

The term "hazardous material" encompasses any substance that poses a risk to health and safety in the workplace, making this the correct choice. This definition includes a wide variety of materials, which can be chemical substances, biological agents, or physical hazards that can cause harm to workers or the environment. Damage can occur through direct exposure, accidents, or improper handling.

This broad definition is critical in occupational safety and health because workers must be aware of not just toxic substances but also other materials that can lead to health issues or safety incidents. Contaminated materials, reactive substances, and those that are flammable or explosive could all fall under this umbrella, emphasizing the importance of recognizing and managing all potential hazards, not just specific types.

The other options offer a narrower view, focusing on only specific categories like toxic substances, flammable or explosive items, or materials recyclable, which do not cover the full range of what can be considered hazardous.